In 1884, Luxemburg was enrolled in the Second Women's Gymnasium, one of the top schools for girls in Warsaw. She was left with a permanent and pronounced limp which would continue to cause periodic pain throughout her life. After 12 months, Luxemburg was released from the cast only to discover that normal growth in the affected leg had been retarded. Her doctor recommended that the leg be placed in a cast and that she be confined to bed. Shortly afterwards, the three-year-old Rosa was discovered to have a disease of the hip which was then wrongly diagnosed as tuberculosis. However, she herself would make little effort to regularly correspond with her family and, as she often complained to her friends, found her infrequent visits home tiresome.įor business reasons, Eduard moved his family to Warsaw in 1873. Later in life, Rosa would regret the lack of intimacy between her parents and their children. There is little to suggest that the Luxsenburgs were a particularly close family. Both Eduard and Line made a conscious attempt to assimilate themselves and their children into the broader, more cosmopolitan environment of Polish society. Both parents' interest in cultural matters was indicative of their refusal to identify closely with the narrow parochial interests of the Jewish community in Zamosc. Rosa's mother Line Luxsenburg was a reserved woman whose principal passion was classical Polish and German literature (a trait which she would pass on to her daughter). Although he took no interest in political questions, Eduard was actively involved in a variety of local cultural and, in particular, educational issues. Her father Eduard Luxsenburg was a timber merchant whose business fortunes fluctuated with the ups and downs of the local economy. She was born Rosa Luxsenburg in 1870, into a middle-class Jewish family in Zamosc, Poland, which was then part of the Russian Empire. Among them, one in particular stood out for the depth of her intellectual vision and radical commitment- Rosa Luxemburg. Prior to the outbreak of the Great War, the German Social-Democratic Party (SPD) constituted the largest socialist party anywhere in the world and was the home of some of the most important revolutionary theoreticians of the era. Nowhere were the hopes and expectations of such an event more eagerly anticipated than in Germany. When the Bolshevik revolution broke out in Russia in October 1917, many socialists hoped that this event was the forerunner of a more extensive revolutionary upheaval throughout Europe. Social Reform or Revolution (1900) Organizational Questions of Russian Social Democracy (1904) The Mass Strike, the Political Parties and Trade Unions (1906) The Accumulation of Capital (1913) The Crisis of Social-Democracy (1916) What Does the Spartacus League Want? (1919) The Russian Revolution (1921). Born Rozalia Luxsenburg on March 5, 1870, at Zamosc, Russian Poland murdered on January 15, 1919, in Berlin, Germany fifth child of Line (Loewenstein) Luxsenburg and Elias (or Eduard) Luxsenburg (a timber merchant) attended the Second Women's Gymnasium, Warsaw, Russian Poland and the University of Zurich, Switzerland graduated Doctor of Philosophy in economics, 1897 married Gustav Lübeck, in 1898 (divorced) no children. Name variations: Rozalia or Róża Luxsenburg. Polish-German economist and socialist political theoretician whose work contributed significantly to Marxist thought.
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